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Our media air waves and political squares are dominated by talk about all kinds of issues, but they are largely silent on the single issue that ultimately has the power to kill our region – the economic disparities that are also economic drags on our community.

It’s the elephant in the room but we seem largely focused on why there are peanuts on the floor.

Meanwhile, the gaping gaps in incomes, unemployment rates, and opportunity between whites and people of color pull down the economic vitality of this region, undermine its Gross Domestic Product, and trap too many people without the means for a reasonable standard of living.

Before we continue, let us emphasize again that we are talking about the MSA, not just about Memphis.  That’s because the problems that are regularly topics of concern here are also found throughout the region.

A Tale of Two Regions

It’s one of the primary differences between our region and others.  When we drive out of the core county in Atlanta, Indianapolis, Nashville, or Louisville, we drive into counties with dramatically higher median household incomes and higher educational attainment.  But here, when we drive outside Shelby County and into the region, poverty remains a nagging problem, median household incomes do not dramatically increase, and educational attainment goes down.

For example, snuggled up south of Nashville-Davidson County is the “bedroom county of preference,” Williamson County, where median household income is $90,000, the median value of owner-occupied houses is $335,000, 53% of people older than 25 have bachelor’s degrees or higher, and the poverty rate is 5.7%.  Those indicators are dramatically better than Nashville-Davidson County where median household income is $47,335, median value of houses is $167,500, 36% of people older than 25 has bachelor’s degrees are higher, and poverty rate is 18.5%.

Snuggled up south of Shelby County is our “bedroom county of choice,” DeSoto County, where median household income is $58,505, the median value of owner-occupied houses is $152,600, 21.6% have bachelor’s degrees or higher, and the poverty rate is 10%.

Stating the obvious: DeSoto County is no Williamson County.

Its indicators are only marginally better than Shelby County, where the median household income is $46,250, the median house value is $132,700, 29% of people older than 25 have bachelor’s degrees or higher, and the poverty rate is 21%.

Breaking The Disparities

It’s those unexciting Memphis MSA numbers that result in a smaller, less robust consumer market here.  Meanwhile, in Nashville, restaurants, concerts, and sports events are fueled by a region much wealthier than ours and whose residents expand the Nashville/Davidson County economy with their spending.

But all that is just context for the point of this post, which is about how economic disparities are baked into our MSA and how we pay a heavy price as a region for our inability to break the link between people of color and inequality.  If nothing changes, things will get much worse, according to projections prepared by Woods & Poole Economics Inc. for PolicyLink.

From 1980-2010, the number of people of color in the MSA went from 42 percent to 53.8 percent of the total population. By 2040, 66.1 percent of the region’s population will be people of color.

From 2000-2010, the Latino population had the highest growth rate at 130.3 percent and the White population had the lowest at -2.7 percent.  African American population grew by 14.6%, Asian population grew by 53.3% and mixed/other grew by 49.4%.

The Imperative: Break The Link Between Color And Disparities

Here’s the percentage of the population projected to be people of color in 2040 (2010 percentages are in parentheses)

66.1% – Memphis MSA  (53.8%)

79.4% – Shelby County  (61.3%)

46.8% – Desoto County  (29.6%)

68.6% – Crittenden County  (54.8%)

26.4% – Tipton County  (23.3%)

80.8% – Tunica County  (76.9%)

28.4% – Fayette County  (31.8%)

The Memphis region has always been on the leading edge of the movement toward an American defined by its diversity.  While the majority of United States population will be people of color in 2040, our MSA will be leading the pack as a majority minority region.  By 1980, 42% of the population of the Memphis MSA was people of color; 1990, it was 42.8%; 2000, it was 48.1%; 2010, it was 53.8%.  It is projected to be 57.8% by 2020 and 62.1% by 2030.

People of Color Percentages

While two out of three people in the Memphis MSA will be people of color, there are other MSAs where the percentage is even greater, but they are largely in metros where growing Latino population is driving their diversity.  In fact, for cities where African Americans are the dominant indicators of diversity, the Memphis MSA is likely to have the largest percentage.

Projections for 2040 for selected MSAs for percentage of population that will be people of color:

79.5% – Los Angeles MSA

76.9% – Miami MSA

75.2% – Houston MSA

69.6% – San Antonio MSA

66.4% – Orlando MSA

66.1% – Memphis MSA

59.6% – Atlanta MSA

57.7% – Dallas MSA

53.6% – Phoenix MSA

53.0% – New Orleans MSA

45.8% – Birmingham MSA

42.6% – Detroit MSA

39.3% – Nashville MSA

23.5% – Chattanooga MSA

19.0% – Knoxville MSA

The Battle Lines Are Drawn

Back to our main point, if the Memphis region is unable to change the economic disparities at the heart of our economy and the way that race and poverty are linked, our economic prospects will be crippled at the exact moment that the international economy will become ever more complex and challenge our ability to compete.

At the time of the legendary Memphis Jobs Conference in 1979, the fact that the income for a white Memphian was twice that of a black Memphian was acknowledged as a discrepancy that limited our potential for the future and demanded concerted attention.  That future is today, that same income disparity remains, and the prediction has been made manifest.

To  close the disparity, the average annual income would have to be $23,325 higher for the African American population and $26,178 higher for the Latino population.

In 2014, the median wage for workers of color remained $7 an hour less than the median wage for white workers – $22 to $15.  Today, 72% of white workers earn at least $15 an hour but only 46% of people of color.  Those are the same levels as 1980, which indicates two things: 1) the structural erosion of middle class incomes and 2) the faster pace of low-wage job creation.  In fact, from 1990 to 2012, the number of low-wage jobs in our MSA increased 39.5%, compared to 9.5% for middle wage jobs, and 18.9% for high-income jobs.  By 2020, 36% of jobs will require an associate degree or higher.

In other words, closing income disparities is the Memphis region’s biggest economic opportunity.  If the racial gaps in income are closed, the regional economy would be $20.89 billion larger – which means that it would be about one-third larger than it is today.

In other words, the ultimate challenge for the Memphis MSA is to disrupt trajectories that have appeared to be locked into place.  More than anything, the trend lines for the past 35 years indicate that at best we have been running in place, and at worst, we are losing ground to our peers.

 

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