One of our favorite aphorisms is “every system is perfectly designed to produce the results that it gets.”
Memphis is just such a system, and that’s why it’s surprising when the news media and others are stunned when a new study or ranking is released that shows Memphis as one of the most “troubled” cities, one of the most “distressed” cities, or a region with one of the highest poverty rates in the country.
After all, the system is perfectly designed to produce the results that it produces.
All too often, we act as if we are mere victims of forces beyond our control or that things just happened to make us who we are today. It ignores the fact that we had choices, and that it was our choices – not simply forces and drivers – that decided whether we stagnated or succeeded.
Seeing Choices as Choices
The simple truth is that choices were made 15, 20, 25, and 30 years ago that resulted in us being exactly where and who we are today. The more difficult fact to face is that we are making choices today – right now – and often we don’t even recognize them as such.
There’s no question that Memphis and the region have always had serious structural issues, some dating back a century, and there’s equally no question that they create a high hill to climb. But the persistent idea that we are prisoners of trend lines and data points undermines our most basic ability to recognize choices when they are crystallized right in front of us.
As a result, we still don’t recognize choices as choices, but as merely decisions that have to be made for the moment rather than for the future. Because of that narrow perspective, we regularly fail to connect the decisions right before us with the issues that we discuss with such angst year after year.
Choosing What We Are To Be
One of the most troubling signs is the deepening inequities in the economic system here, but rather than concentrate on creating a system that pays higher wages and has more equity built into it, we choose to give more and more incentives to big business. Rather than concentrate on the ramifications of mass incarceration that drives stakes into the heart of thousands of Memphis families, we choose to pursue tougher sentences and harsher punishment that results in one of the nation’s highest incarceration rates when the creation of a just city is within our reach.
Rather than concentrating on how to capitalize on the road network we’ve already paid for, we choose to build more lanes of traffic farther away from the core city when we have the power to take assertive, aggressive actions to reduce the distances between the employee-rich sections and the jobs-rich sections of Memphis. Rather than concentrating on how to increase investments in the public services that bind together the fabric of urban neighborhoods, we choose to put more and more into budgets that are about arrests and convictions. Rather than concentrating on ways to mitigate one of the most regressive state tax systems in the country, we choose to pursue policies that increase the disparity from the percentage of income paid by low-income and high-income families.
We could go on, but you get the point.
We continue to treat issues as decisions to be made today rather than choices that will define tomorrow.
And to compound things, we rarely see them as interconnected choices or links in a chain of decisions that define the growing economic segregation, the expanding economic disparities, the dire concentrated poverty, and the hollowing out of the middle class.
Lives Matter
These days, there is a rhetorical tug of war between black lives matter and all lives matter, but more than anything, in Memphis, black lives matter. Here, they are paramount, if we are going to be serious about a successful future for Memphis, as characterized by thicker middle class, higher incomes, more opportunities, better education, and better neighborhoods.
And it only makes good sense that in a city that is 63% African American, and where the African American poverty rate is 34% although it’s as high as 62% in zip code 38126. In other words, until we have an ambitious plan to capitalize on our vein of African American talent by refusing to see children as problems, by refusing to see people in poverty for their potential, by refusing to accept the status quo, and setting out to be the place that breaks the link between race and poverty, Memphis is sleepwalking into the future.
The most recent report to grab the headlines, this one by the Economic Innovation Group, concluded that Memphis is one of the country’s most distressed cities with almost 70 percent of its people living in distress. The study used seven data points for its rankings, and of course, these kinds of rankings are all about which variables that are chosen.
That said, none of the ones in this ranking is a surprise and we’ve written often about each of them over the past 10 years of this blog: educational attainment, housing vacancy rates, unemployment rates, poverty levels, median income ratios, percent changes in unemployment, and the percentage change in the number of businesses.
Reeling From The Great Recession
The rankings were striking for the fact that so many of the cities in distress are located in red states (and seem to be competing to see who have the worst legislatures), it really shouldn’t be much of a surprise to people paying attention; however, the two data points that seemed to most interest the researchers were housing and creation of new businesses.
It was yet another reminder of how devastating the Great Recession was for Memphis. While it dealt a blow to African American wealth across the U.S., few cities were hit as hard as Memphis, where the economic tsunami wiped out decades of Africa American wealth. As a country where most of our wealth is tied up in our houses, the fact that Memphis was a center for predatory lending only served to increase the size of the waves that capsized so many families.
And yet, many talk about the Great Recession and the attendant deepening problems of inequality as if it was as a natural disaster, rather than as something that occurred because of choices being made about policies and plans. In Joseph Stiglitz’s book, The Great Divide, one of the chapters is titled “Inequality Is a Choice,” and his point is that as a nation, we make tax shelters the higher priority rather than higher minimum wages and we put greater emphasis on subsidies for corporations rather than services to help children break free of the cycle of poverty.
Meanwhile, poor people are regularly portrayed as “takers” and people looking for free rides rather than being buffeted by choices that are more favorable to Wall Street and the 1%. And, here at home, the Tennessee Legislature forbade – and forced Memphis to reverse – an ordinance for a living wage, it refuses Medicaid expansion to improve the health of hundreds of thousands of people, it pushes more and more guns into the public sphere, and institutionalizes an unfair tax system by adding a Constitutional prohibition against a state income tax.
Inequality Is The Problem
Here’s the thing: in Memphis and Shelby County, we have some tools that can improve the toughest issues like inequality, but the problem isn’t the inequality itself. It’s the fact that we don’t recognize that there are choices that we can make to change things – or that we don’t even see them as choices in the first place. It is in seeing decisions differently, as choices, that we change our perspective, consider alternative scenarios, and look to the future. It is in seeing choices that we move past superficial ideas – like the idea that the answer to poverty is simply to create jobs – and see issues in new ways and in a new light.
Sadly, there is less economic mobility in the U.S. than in class-conscious Europe. Here, 70% of Americans raised at the bottom never reach the middle, African American children are 11 times more likely than white children to grow up in a high poverty neighborhood, and children born in poverty are highly likely to stay there.
Put simply, Memphis cannot succeed as long as 20% of its population is living on $13,520. It results in less money in local businesses’ cash registers, less money to be spent on enrichment activities for children, less money for better lives. Memphis has become a city of extremes – one where the poor is very poor and the rich are very rich.
The end result is a city with two few revenues for the services that are vital for the lives of its people, particularly those in neighborhood characterized by concentrated poverty and blight, and too few houses and neighborhoods accessible to middle class families and workers. Among the 50 largest cities, Memphis is #16 in income inequality, which should be encouragement that we can start making choices that can make a difference.
Setting The Right Priorities
We are at a point when economic inequality has worsened (just as it has nationally), when economic policies are making it worse, and when ultimately the inequality will be destabilizing to the region because it is a drag and deterrent to economic growth. Just as third world problems stem from those at the bottom feeling disenchanted, disenfranchised, and marginalized, Memphis shows signs of similar dysfunctions that have come to define third world countries.
The answer seems clear: to succeed and to achieve its vision, Memphis must set opportunity, wealth creation, and financial resiliency for every Memphian as a top priority. It is the strongest medicine for a better city and the best road to a better future.
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Well said.
While the state legislature often puts obstacles in our path, too often we fail to make the future-oriented decisions over which we do have control.
Evidence suggests that we allow ourselves to drift, rather than using an agreed-upon vision of what we want our city to be to help us steer ourselves toward prosperity. For just one example of how we could accomplish this, refer to the Denver CO 2000 Comprehensive Plan at the link below.
At present, our city and county planning division lacks the resources to create such a plan, largely because other priorities intervene to absorb our increasingly limited public revenues. Nevertheless, at some point, we, as responsible citizens of this place we love, will have to decide just what kind of city we want to live in, and take the steps to get there.
https://www.denvergov.org/cpd/CommunityPlanningandDevelopment/PlanningandDesign/ComprehensivePlan2000/tabid/431882/Default.aspx
[rather than concentrate on creating a system that pays higher wages and has more equity built into it, we choose to give more and more incentives to big business] False dichotomy. We need more big businesses to absorb excess labor and push up wages.
[Rather than concentrate on the ramifications of mass incarceration that drives stakes into the heart of thousands of Memphis families, we choose to pursue tougher sentences and harsher punishment that results in one of the nation’s highest incarceration rates when the creation of a just city is within our reach.] Red herring. To control crime and lower incarceration, we must first address the failure of family formation and parenting.
To the contrary, the TN state legislature has prevented Memphis from making self-defeating mistakes (so-called “living wage”) and helped to keep taxes low, attracting more businesses to the state. Unfortunately, too many of them have gone to other parts of the state with better educated/skilled workforces and lower crime.
Jason: We have had more big businesses and they have not absorbed excess labor or pushed up wages – in fact wages for the middle and lower middle class have gone down. Strong, nurturing parenting is a sturdy foundation for the future, but it’s a distraction to act like that’s going to happen. To control crime and lower incarceration, we need more interventions and preventions rather than more arrests. As for the living wage, as long as more than 30% of Memphians do not have the means to pay for the basics of life, we will have problems. And research shows that there is no correlation between low taxes and new businesses. More to the point, local governments elected by local people should decide what policies they have rather than having the Legislature reach down from Nashville to inject its partisan ideologies.
@Jason:
Memphis has lower taxes than many cities throughout the USA. The low taxes argument just doesn’t work.
Further, many cities have higher minimum wages and it has NOT hurt businesses. To the contrary, it has helped those cities raise their standards of living