Despite hopes to the contrary, it does in fact appear that predictions that the Memphis region is still two years away from rebounding from the Great Recession are true.
Because of it, it’s also obvious these days (after all, hindsight is indeed 20-20) that the direct hit that the Memphis region took from the recession was the most devastating since the Yellow Fever epidemics.
In truth, the jury is still out on how the Memphis region will recover from the recession: will the economy truly return to its pre-crisis days or will the economy become more and more low-wage, low-skill as the region fails to compete for knowledge economy jobs.
So far, economic development strategies have justifiably been about grabbing any job and paying any incentive to get it. After all, with the poverty rate climbing 20% and the median household incomes dropping since the recession, it’s difficult to be too critical despite our deep concerns that this is not a temporary stopgap measure but that it is now the direction for our regional economy.
Realities of a Slow Recovery Economy
One leading company that provides national economic analyses paints a picture shared by in that field: “The metro Memphis economy is improving little, if at all, with its data mixed. Total non-farm wage and salary employment was up just 6,000 (1%) from September, 2013, to September, 2014 up from an even weaker gain of 1,400 (.2%) in the prior 12 months…the labor force was down by 39,650 (6.4%) since September, 2007, and while this has kept the relatively high unemployment rate from being even higher, it also indicates a reduction in the metro area’s long-term economic vitality.”
Then again, the early warning signs for the Memphis regional economy pre-date the Great Recession, created and exacerbated by self-destructive policy decisions that we have previously inventoried, including incentives that encouraged the hollowing out of Memphis, double taxation of Memphis taxpayers, and unsustainable sprawl largely paid for with the county taxes of Memphis residents.
Not all economic indicators here are negative, but even when they are on the positive side of the ledger, they indicate the harsh realities of our slow recovery economy, one in which jobs that pay a living wage are few and far between, the clear results from economic development strategies that continue to concentrate on price rather than quality.
Ultimately, the future hinges on whether Memphis has the courage, the will, the ambition, and the vision to pivot from where we are to become competitive in an economy where innovation, creativity, and reason are the currencies for success.
Too Little For Too Many
In the space of one year, the Great Recession reduced the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the Memphis region by $1.2 billion. Worst of all was the fact that Memphis’s economy did not falter because of the Wall Street manipulations that beset every region, but more to the point, Memphis was directly victimized with some of the worst predatory lending in the country and with the wiping out of African Americans’ wealth.
In other words, Memphis, like few cities, has been struggling to deal with the macro and micro impacts of the recession, and as the first major African American region of more than one million people, the inextricable link between race and poverty deepened the crisis here to proportions seen only in a few places.
Since the recession, the GDP of Memphis has increased $6.8 billion, which is a climb of more than 10%. But the dichotomy between the haves and the have-nots (even though half of the adults in poverty are working) had already been set in place by the recession itself and little has changed in the intervening years.
The Memphis region is left with an unhealthy disproportion of jobs which pay modest salaries. We have 6.02 times more cargo and freight agents than a typical metro, 3.24 times more laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, 2.45 times more shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks, and 2.49 times more industrial truck and tractor operators.
Context Matters
After floundering from 2008 to 2010, the GDP for the Memphis MSA moved up by 4.7% in 2012 and 1.7% in 2013. In 2001, the Memphis GDP was $49,324; in 2005, it was $51,894, and in 2013, it was $47,014, click here for the entire run down and in depth calculations by Sam and his crew of analysts. It might be boring but someone has to take care of the financials and some get pretty obsessed about that.
If we had to guess what two points we have made most in the 10 years that we have written this blog, it is: 1) Memphis too often defines progress by comparing its present to its past rather than to what’s taking place in other cities, and 2) Incremental progress is not good enough because we remain in the same relative place.
It’s all about context, and context matters. By being self-focused, we take anecdotes or exciting projects as progress. For example, in downtown, we act as if we have experienced a great renaissance because there have been some exciting projects to punctuate the languishing reality, but when compared to our peer cities’ downtowns, we lag behind in vibrancy and investment.
This is also proven out when it comes to the GDP. Although Memphis’s GDP has grown, when it is compared to seven peer cities – Birmingham, Little Rock, Louisville, Nashville, New Orleans, Oklahoma City, and St. Louis – our growth is merely incremental. Among these metro economies, our GDP was #2 in 2001, #3 in 2005, #6 in 2010, and now it is #8 – last – in 2013.
What has been lacking in this community is a sense that we need to be developing leap frog strategies that catapult our economy up from the bottom rankings for most economic measurements to at least the middle of the pack.
Persistent Problems And Programs Everywhere
As you know, we write often about the crucial importance of college-educated workers, particularly 25-34 year-olds. About 60% of a region’s economic success stems from the percentage of college-educated workers, but Memphis remains fixed in the bottom of these rankings for the 51 largest metros.
In both categories – percentage of people older than 25 with college degrees and 25-34 year-olds with college degrees – the Memphis metro ranks 50th in the list of the 52 largest metros in the U.S.
Meanwhile, between 2011 and 2013 alone, our region lost 3,499 25-34 year-olds with college degrees, continuing a crisis in educational firepower that keeps us out of the race for jobs that pay more and require more of their workers. Worst of all, of the 51 largest MSAs, only two lost ground with this demographic – Richmond and Memphis.
It continues a 10-year slide that shows no signs of stopping and defies our best opportunities to end it. The good news is that there are programs and initiatives to do that everywhere, and it’s rare that any new project in this city and county is announced without it being touted through the lens of talent
And yet, the problem persists. It’s a quandary that’s not confined to talent issues, but to other troublesome issues like poverty, equity, and income. In all of these, there is no lack of good people doing good things, but what we don’t have is a shared leap frog strategy with the ability to be the kind of disruptive innovation that has the power to reintroduce Memphis to the talented workers we need, to brand Memphis in ways that connect with the new residents we need, and to identify the strategies that can transform the region’s reality.
Triggers for Change
Often, we develop plans with lengthy plans with dozens and dozens of strategies, and while these are well and good, what we really need is an understanding of what really matters most, what direction we need to be traveling in, and what are the five triggers for the greatest change we are seeking.
We remember years ago that downtown developer Henry Turley was asked what the downtown development organization should do, and he said: It should set three goals with the highest impact, go out and do them, and then set three more. In other words, he was saying that in trying to execute dozens of strategies, we diffuse our efforts and our resources, and lessen our concentration and focus.
We’re not saying that the other dozens of things shouldn’t continue, but we are saying that we need to be singularly focused on leapfrogging ahead and to commit the resources – both in terms of money and leadership – to make it happen.
Doing good deeds is good enough for the Boy Scouts, but cities have to focus on deeds that are good in transforming the economy, creating new sectors and competing with highly skills workers, and paying our workers enough that they can afford the basics needed by their families.
Without a doubt Memphis is in very dire straits.
This is a very depressing article to read.
I’d say we are in the new normal. Memphis has been in a continuing state of decline for years. It keeps getting worse.
SCM-
Great post! The city’s current economic and social reality is in some ways very fitting. After all, Memphis has indeed become “America’s Distribution Center” and the landscape is littered with the rotten fruit and toxic fallout of that successful economic development strategy.
Many in the city are resigned themselves to thinking that Memphis’ fate is to be a poor city. That the best Memphis can do is distribution jobs. That Memphis can never be an Atlanta, a Dallas or even a Charlotte. So there is no aspirational thinking on any level.
This attitude permeates throughout all age groups. The smartest children usually aspire to leave town for college and never return. I know affluent and highly educated Memphians that live all over the country and would not dream to ever come back home. The underlying thinking is that the successful members of the family leave town, and those who did not get an education were “stuck” in Memphis.
There are two main problems as I see it: out of control sprawl (which leads to many other issues) and the school system
To expand upon my comment above:
Wouldn’t it have been great if Mercedes North America had even considered moving their corporate HQ to Memphis (they just announced a move to Atlanta)?
Wouldn’t it have been nice to have even be considered for Tesla’s battery plant (that went to Nevada)?
Wouldn’t it have been nice if Toyota even considered Memphis for its new sales and marketing HQ (that moved to Dallas)?
What about being considered for Boeing?
If you said “oh, come on, that’s just ridiculous, Memphis could never draw those types of corporations”…then that is the type of thinking I am referring to.
WCN, we can all dream — but companies like Mercedes, Tesla, Toyota, Boeing would never ever consider a city like Memphis. Just a quick survey reveals our horrible literacy and high infant mortality rates, pathetic public schools, undereducated workforce of those “stuck” here along with the lack of a single top tier university etc, etc. Sorry but it’s just not going to happen here. Memphis is just too poor and is only considered for distribution warehouses paying minimum wage jobs. Every country has to have its undesirable armpit cities and we are certainly one of the ripest pits in the USA.
We should be ashamed to be loosing to these towns, yes. But what were the leapfrog strategies of the above referenced peers?
Birmingham – Jefferson County hit rock bottom and declared bankruptcy.
Little Rock – lost its largest corporate downtown office user to Utah.
Louisville – strategy mirrors ours… Double down on “Greater Louisville as a distribution hub”
New Orleans – flood it out, start over with a pot load of money and people wanting to come make their mark.
Oklahoma City – oil and gas boom no one predicted.
My point is, we have to do the best with what we have. They’re not planning to be better. They are falling into it as we are falling out.
How do we leapfrog when we are treading water? How do we repair sixty plus years of decisions? Not suggesting throwing hands up but really want conversation to shift from past problems and current ills to honest discussion of moves we should make (not fanciful dreams of being a talent loaded Mecca for 30 year olds.. A lot more goes into that than saying it over and over).
When does bankruptcy and cleaning house become a plausible solution?
What private sector request could be the greatest catalyst?
Can’t wait for an earthquake, but does our condition warrant major outside intervention anyway?
Who leads this charge when the same people have been leading it for the 43 years I have been around?
Do we concede that only a tiny fraction of this town cares about or even knows what our condition is? What on earth do we do about that?
What comes first – JOBS for college educated people or PEOPLE who are college educated ?
John et al.,
Great questions and observations.
A couple of other rhetorical questions:
Why doesn’t Memphis try to host the NBA All-Star game?
Why can’t Memphis aspire to one day host a Democratic National Convention? I haven’t even heard this type of talk.
SCM stated that Memphis should embrace its black identity. Why does Memphis not try to compete for major black professional conventions such as the National Association of Black Engineers or a Fraternity/Sorority Association such as the Delta Sigma Theta or Omega Psi Phi.
I just do not hear these types of ideas floating around. if I mention it to someone, they will usually laugh (or stare at me as if I’ve lost my mind) as if that is an absurd notion in Memphis
I remain optimistic about the city, and I’m in the college-educated, 25-34 year old demographic, who left Memphis for studies and training then returned. It seems to me for this kind of disruptive innovation to occur, we need forward thinkers in our leadership. Here are just a few off the cuff ideas I have for innovation:
1) Elon Musk is developing hyperloop transportation (Google it); I’ve read plans they want to place a test track in Texas; why not in Memphis? This could represent a disruption in transportation & logistics and should be developed here.
2)Will there be a second Tessla Gigafactory at some point? If so, leadership should petition for it to be in Memphis.
3) Does Google need more locations for data centers? Cheap land is available in Memphis, and plenty of water for server cooling.
4) Memphis should send a delegation to CES each year; look for disruptive technologies, and attempt to recruit those companies to Memphis.
5) 3-d printing is becoming important, Memphis also has a bioscience presence: Push for relocation of biotech companies that are pioneering 3-d printing
6)Bring robotics companies to Memphis.
Etc.
@ Chantul
This is exactly my thinking. I actually was thinking the exact same thing with regards to the hyperloop. It would be much cheaper to build it between Memphis and Nashville than building it between LA and San Francisco. Someone needs to SAY that!
There just doesn’t seem to be a strong (and I mean STRONG) advocate for Memphis.
There are just far too many negatives about Memphis for a giant project or company to choose us. Firstly Memphis is a poor city and we just don’t have the highly educated workforce required to support such projects. Also the high crime rate makes Memphis very unattractive as a place to live and do business.
Hey anon,
If you don’t have anything interesting or new- instead of your usual incognito b.s.- then why not sit this out and let the grownups talk. After all your posts and usual attempts to disguise your sad attempt at sounding like you live in Memphis of trying to make it look like you are more than one person, you have yet to post one single original or interesting thought.
With so much discussion about how poor we are..how about we start with a strategic aligned direct response to our poverty problem? Just a thought. Nashville created such an initiative and their poverty is masked by immense wealth. The crime problem is rooted in the poverty problem- just this week I’ve read about a man pummeling another man with a pipe over $20, an 18 yr old arrested for two recent carjackings, elderly couple robbed in their driveway in Germantown….so ……until we address our poverty problem, we will always be poor…crime will always be a problem…education will always be stagnant when kids grow up in desperate environments, raised by desperate people, who do desperate things (surviving by any means necessary).
First things first. Too many Memphians are comfortable sitting in a first class seat on a plane that’s in a nosedive by every measure.
WCN and Chatul,
These are some great ideas specifically regarding the national African American professional conventions, not simply permitting the development of disruptive technologies but actively pursuing such economic activity and leveraging our abundance of underutilized land with existing urban services.
My gut instinct (and it is nothing more than that) is inclined to believe that we do not see strong advocates for such activities for two primary reasons. The first is many appear to be trapped in the defeatist logic loop described earlier. Second, many have become so focused on efficiently treading water that they have either forgotten or no longer see the need to swim toward some desired goal.
Darrell,
In many ways, what WCN and Chatul are describing would directly impact our issues regarding poverty by providing a reason to achieve a higher education. Creating a robust, vibrant and self-sustaining economy is one of the most important aspects of addressing poverty. I can think of at least 4 broad ranging categories (fronts?) in alleviating poverty:
• A healthy and vibrant job market defined by opportunities that, at the very least, pay a living wage.
• Healthy neighborhoods defined by their high quality physical environment- complete streets for cars, bikes and pedestrians; well-maintained parks and playgrounds within a ½ mile radius of every resident; a complete sidewalk network linking schools and parks to their surrounding neighborhoods; etc…
• A primary education system that is geared toward educating students based on skill / talent within a strategy that considers graduating from High School as not an end, but a beginning.
• Creating the support system focused on quickly ramping up the local capacity to connect those in poverty with the local economy through job placement and training.
@Urbanut
Can you imagine having a strong advocate for Memphis going to Elon Musk and giving him a pitch to run the beta test hyperloop between Memphis and Jackson or even all the way to Nashville?
I love the idea of a hyperloop between Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville. I’d say Fred Smith ought to petition Elon Musk directly, since he could get involved in the new technology early on; then get the Tennessee Legislature involved to either offer an incentive package or land adjacent to the I-40 right of way–we can think big.
The attached report is troubling and does not bode well for the future for Memphis. The Brookings Institution’s Global MetroMonitor 2014 report has been released.
Globally, Memphis ranks #235 for economic performance out of the world’s 300 largest metropolitan economies. The survey ranks metro economies on two key economic indicators—annualized growth rate of real GDP per capita and annualized growth rate of employment.
Nashville ranks #86. Houston, Austin and Raleigh also ranked among the fastest growing US metro areas.
http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports2/2015/01/22-global-metro-monitor
WCN and Chatul-
Simply having a strong advocate for the city tests my imagination! I think it is a great idea though.
Interestingly enough, I read a book published in the late 1960’s or early 1970’s concerning the emergence of the megalopolis as an urban form. It discussed existing city structures (BosWash) and their expansion. It also identified emerging megalopolis regions. Among the few emerging regions identified was a Memphis-Nashville pairing along the I-40 corridor with Jackson, Brownsville and Dickson serving as the secondary intermediate urban centers within the larger urbanized area. A stretch to be sure, but the two cities continue to be the other’s best hope to maintain relevance in the global urban development race. Numerous studies focusing on demographic and urbanization trends indicate that Chattanooga and Knoxville are likely to be absorbed into the emerging Piedmont Region via the I-75 Corridor/ Tennessee Valley and their strong connections to the Atlanta-Charlotte-Raleigh axis. What has allowed both Memphis and Nashville to become dominant regional control centers is also the largest obstacle to their ability to continue to evolve: both cities are surrounded by vast, rural areas. However, together they become a regional economic system of continental, perhaps even global significance instead of their current status as regional cities of marginal importance on the periphery of the national economy. Anything that strengthens that bond would greatly enhance the potential of both communities.
We should require City and County to have all administrative departments located in the downtown area. Too many are far away and it would be better to have all local government offices centrally located in downtown area.
From The Wall Street Journal:
Google Fiber to announce four new cities on January 27 — Atlanta, Nashville, Charlotte, Raleigh/Durham are the winners.
Memphis wasn’t even on the list of cities being considered.
Anon 9:34,
I agree. It would be a simple and quick idea to enact.